What would your life look like if you woke up as Jeremiah, a 12-year-old boy living in Newport in 1797? How would you spend your time? What responsibilities would you have?
Painting of The Hercules Courtenay in 1802. Jeremiah could have seen majestic ships such as these from his bedroom window overlooking the harbor. 01.956, Newport Historical Society Collections.
Good morning! The date is May 15th, 1797. This morning, you awake to the sound of fishermen and shipwrights beginning their days on the Newport docks. The sun is shining across the water; you can see it from your bedroom window, looking west towards the harbor and Conanicut Island, which can only be reached by boat. A gentle breeze carries the rather unpleasant smell of low tide into your home, but you get out of bed eager to begin your day at school.
Now that you have gotten yourself out of bed, it is time to begin preparing for your day at school. You find the outfit that your mother spun for you during the previous winter, and you start the complicated process of getting dressed. First, you slip into your long linen shirt and button the sleeves tight around your wrists. Next, you hoist up your woolen breeches and begin tying the strings in the back and buttoning up the front. After that, you pull your arms into your vest and secure all of those buttons. You secure your neckerchief around your neck in a neat knot, and now you are finally ready to head to school.
Waistcoat, c. 1800. Jeremiah would have worn something similar as he got ready for school. 23.6, Newport Historical Society Collections.
Educational primer, c. 1843. Jeremiah and other students would have practiced their spelling with an object such as this. FIC.2013.41, Newport Historical Society Collections.
Now that you are dressed and prepped, it is time to leave the house and begin your day at school. On your way out the door, you grab your hornbook and your primer, two learning materials you must arrive at school with. You wave goodbye to your mother, who is busy salting some cod for a later meal. The sun is shining as you make the trek to 47 Division Street, where Miss Mary Brett has established a schoolhouse.
At noon, Miss Brett dismisses your class for dinner. You quickly head back to your home so you don't miss your family's midday meal, which consists of roast beef, bread, and seasonal vegetables. Dinner is always your largest meal of the day, and it is eaten around noon rather than in the evening. You are energized by the food your mother has made, and you say your thanks after eating before heading back to school for your afternoon lesson.
This painting, completed by H.W. Pearce in 1876, shows what an eighteenth century kitchen would have looked like around the time of the midday meal. Jeremiah's home might have looked very similar. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Link.
Murray's English Grammar, c. 1815. Originally published in 1795, Jeremiah would have studied from this book. Courtesy of the Library of Congress, Link.
You arrive back at Miss Mary Brett's school eager to continue your studies, which include reading, writing, grammar, geography, and arithmetic. At twelve years old, you are one of the more advanced students in the classroom, so your schoolwork consists of more difficult math problems, longer words to spell, and a more complicated geography lesson to complete. During today's session, you are responsible for studying complex words in Murray's English Grammar book and memorizing their spelling. While not your favorite subject, you can understand why it is so important to know how to spell larger words, especially because the world is beginning to modernize around you.
At 4:00 PM, Miss Brett concludes her teaching and dismisses the class for the afternoon. Since it is only May, there is still plenty of daylight for you to enjoy after your studies have ceased. You pack up your belongings and begin your walk back towards home. On the way, you decide to stop alongside the harbor and watch the light sparkle on the water. Trinity Church stands just behind you, and you think about the sermon Reverend William Smith gave last Sunday. As the sun dips lower into the sky, the energy in Newport shifts as working men begin to head home for the evening.
A photograph looking east towards the Newport coast, c. 1965. While Jeremiah would not have seen such a developed world, he would have sat on that same coast overlooking the harbor. P8075, Newport Historical Society Collections.
A postcard of Newport illuminated by moonlight, c. 1915. While illustrated in a different century, Jeremiah's evening might have looked similar, with the moon shining on the waves. 2013.4.3, Newport Historical Society Collections.
After a long afternoon at school and a quick meal around 6:00 PM, it is finally time to unwind and get into your bed for the evening. You take off the outfit that took you so long to put on this morning, leaving just your long linen shirt to sleep in. Before falling asleep, you say your prayers while kneeling next to your bed. You snuggle into your covers and watch the shadows of tree branches move in the moonlight on your bedroom floor. You are grateful for such a productive day at school, and you cannot wait to start learning again tomorrow. Goodnight!
Vocabulary to Know:
Shipwrights: Also known as a shipbuilder, these people know how to construct and fix boats. Newport's location on the water made this profession a profitable one.
Conanicut Island: This island is located in Narragansett Bay, directly west of Aquidneck Island. It is home to the town of Jamestown, Rhode Island and was settled by Europeans in the mid-seventeenth century; Jamestown was officially established in 1678.
Breeches: Also known as trousers, or pants. These were common clothing items for boys in eighteenth century America.
Hornbook: Owned by students, this resource usually consisted of a wooden paddle with the alphabet, numbers, and the Lord's Prayer, which was a common Christian prayer. These were used to help students read and spell.
Primer: Similar to a hornbook, this educational resource was used to teach children to read and write. It acted similarly to a modern anthology.
Salting: This was a method of preserving meats during a time period when refrigeration and freezing was very uncommon. Salt would act as a natural barrier between meat and bacteria, allowing it to stay dried for longer without spoiling. Salted cod, a common food, was typically rehydrated with milk.
Murray's English Grammar: First published in 1795, this book acts as a learning device for students, helping them understand how to read and write.
Reverend William Smith: Born in 1754, William Smith was the reverend at Trinity Church in Newport from 1790 until 1797. He passed away in 1821.